definición y significado de gall | sensagent.com


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Definición y significado de gall

Definición

gall (n.)

1.a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion

2.the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

3.a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats

4.abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury

5.a skin sore caused by chafing

6.an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle

7.audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to"he despised them for their presumptuousness"

8.(old)a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

gall (v.)

1.irritate or vex"It galls me that we lost the suit"

2.become or make sore by or as if by rubbing

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Merriam Webster

GallGall (g�l), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. �, and prob. to E. yellow. √49. See Yellow, and cf. Choler]
1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.

He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5.

Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang]

Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

GallGall (g�l), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoöl.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.

☞ The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria syn. Quercus Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.

Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.

GallGall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

GallGall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (g�ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]
1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.

I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

They that are most galled with my folly,
They most must laugh.
Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.

GallGall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

GallGall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

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Definición (más)

definición de gall (Wikipedia)

Sinónimos

Ver también

Frases

Abbey library of Saint Gall • Abbey of Saint Gall • Allister Gall • Anthony Le Gall • Arthur Gall • Benny Gall • Carlotta Gall • Cherry Gall Azure • Chief Gall • Creosote gall midge • David A. Gall • France Gall • Frank Le Gall • Franz Gall • Franz Joseph Gall • Gall (disambiguation) • Gall Anonim • Gall Force • Gall Force (original series) • Gall Gaedhel • Gall Gaidel • Gall Morel • Gall adelgid • Gall mite • Gall stone • Gall v. United States • Gall wasp • Gall's law • Gall-Gaedhel • Gall-Gaedhil • Gall-Gaedil • Gall-Gaidel • Gall-Gaidheal • Gall-Gaidhel • Gall-inducing insect • Gall–Peters projection • Geena Gall • George Gall Sim • Greg Gall • Gregor Gall • Hugh Gall • In-Gall • Iron gall ink • James Gall • Jan Gall • Jan Karol Gall • Jean-François Le Gall • Jean-Yves Le Gall • John Gall • John Gall (author) • John Gall (baseball) • Joop Gall • Joseph Anton Gall • Joseph G. Gall • Karl Gall (motorcycle racer) • Kevin Gall • Le Gall • Leonhard Gall • List of characters in Gall Force • Louise von Gall • Meadowsweet Rust gall • Nagai Ball Gall Field • Neil Gall • Oak-gall • Ox gall • Plan of Saint Gall • Pride of Gall Hill FC • Punt dal Gall • Red-pea gall • Rhea Gall Force • Robert Gall • Saint Gall • Sandy Gall • St. Gall (disambiguation) • St. Gall Gospel Book • Ten Little Gall Force • Witch-hazel cone gall aphid • Yvonne Gall • Zlatko Gall

Diccionario analógico





gall (n.)

plant tissue[Hyper.]


gall (n.)


gall (n.)




gall (v.)


Wikipedia

Gall

                   
  Kalanchoë infected with crown gall using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
  A detail photo of a crown gall on a Kalanchoë infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Galls or cecidia are outgrowths on the surface of lifeforms. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths[1] of plant tissues and can be caused by various parasites, from fungi and bacteria, to insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures and because of this the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. In pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing.[2]

Contents

  Causes of plant galls

  Insects

Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat and food source for the maker of the gall. The interior of a gall can contain edible nutritious starch and other tissues. Some galls act as "physiologic sinks", concentrating resources in the gall from the surrounding plant parts.[3] Galls may also provide the insect with physical protection from predators.[4][5]

Insect galls are usually induced by chemicals injected by the larvae or the adults of the insects into the plants, and possibly mechanical damage. After the galls are formed, the larvae develop inside until fully grown, when they leave. In order to form galls, the insects must seize the time when plant cell division occurs quickly: the growing season, usually spring in temperate climates, but which is extended in the tropics.

The meristems, where plant cell division occurs, are the usual sites of galls, though insect galls can be found on other parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, branches, buds, roots, and even flowers and fruits. Gall-inducing insects are usually species-specific and sometimes tissue-specific on the plants they gall.

Gall-inducing insects include gall wasps, gall midges, gall flies, aphids (such as Melaphis chinensis), and psyllids.

  Fungi

One gall-inducing fungus is Cedar-apple rust. Galls are often seen in Millettia pinnata leaves and fruits. Leaf galls appear like tiny clubs; however, flower galls are globose.

It is worth noting that the fungus Ustilago esculenta associated with Zizania latifolia, a wild rice, produces an edible gall highly valued as a food source in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces of China.[6]

  Bacteria and viruses

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an example of a gall-causing bacterium.

  Other plants

Mistletoe can form galls on its hosts

  Uses

Galls are rich in resins and tannic acid and have been used in the manufacture of permanent inks (such as iron gall ink) and astringent ointments, in dyeing, and in tanning. A high-quality ink has long been made from the Aleppo gall, found on oaks in the Middle East; it is one of a number of galls resembling nuts and called "gallnuts" or "nutgalls".

The larvae in galls are useful for a survival food and fishing bait; see the Indigenous Australian foods Bush coconut and Mulga apple. Nutgalls also produce purpurogallin.

  Gallery

  See also

  Footnotes

  1. ^ [1] Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, accessed Nov. 16, 2007 ("an abnormal outgrowth of plant tissue usually due to insect or mite parasites or fungi and sometimes forming an important source of tannin")
  2. ^ medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
  3. ^ Larson, K. C., and T. G. Whitham. 1991. Manipulation of food resources by a gall-forming aphid: the physiology of sink-source interactions. Oecologia 88, P.15 – 21.
  4. ^ Weis, A. E., and A. Kapelinski. 1994. Variable selection on Eurosta’s gall size. II. A path analysis of the ecological factors behind selection. Evolution 48, P.734 – 745.
  5. ^ Graham N. Stone and Karsten Schonrogge (2003) The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 18(10):512-522
  6. ^ Terrell, E.E. and L.R. Batra. Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta, a grass-fungus association. Economic Botany 36(3):274-285.

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